What is Logic Gate And Its Types ?

A logic gate is a simple electronic circuit made with parts like diodes, transistors, and resistors. Its main job is to carry out basic logic tasks in digital devices, such as computers and communication systems.

Think of logic gates as the building blocks of digital circuits. They help perform many logical operations needed to make a digital system work. A logic gate takes two or more inputs and gives only one output, which depends on the inputs and the type of logical operation the gate is set to perform.

Types of Logic Gates

A logic gate is a digital gate that controls the way data is handled. Logic gates use specific logic to decide whether to let a signal pass through or not. In simple terms, they manage the flow of information according to a set of predefined rules.

The logic gates can be classified into three major types:

1. Basic Logic Gates

There are three basic logic gates:

1. AND Gate
2. OR Gate
3. NOT Gate

2. Universal Logic Gates

In digital electronics, the following two logic gates are considered as universal logic gates:

1. NOR Gate
2. NAND Gate

3. Derived Logic Gates/ Special Logic Gates

The following two are the derived logic gates used in digital systems:

1. XOR Gate
2. XNOR Gate

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AND GATE 

In digital electronics, the AND gate is a fundamental logic gate that performs a function similar to multiplying the inputs. It produces a high output (logic 1) only if all the inputs are high (logic 1). If even one input is low (logic 0), the output will also be low (logic 0).

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OR GATE 

In digital electronics, an OR gate is a basic logic gate that gives a low output (logic 0) only when all its inputs are low (logic 0). For any other combination of inputs, the output will be high (logic 1). An OR gate can have two or more inputs but always provides a single output. Its main function is to perform a logical sum operation.

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NOT GATE 

In digital electronics, the NOT gate is a basic logic gate that flips or inverts the input signal. It works with just one input and one output. The output is the opposite of the input. So, if you send a low signal (logic 0) into a NOT gate, it will produce a high signal (logic 1), and if you send a high signal (logic 1), it will produce a low signal (logic 0). Because of this flipping action, the NOT gate is also called an inverter.

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NOR GATE 

The NOR gate is a universal logic gate that can have two or more inputs but always provides one output. It combines two basic logic gates: the OR gate and the NOT gate. Essentially, it performs the OR operation first and then inverts the result, giving the opposite output of an OR gate. 

NAND GATE 

In digital electronics, the NAND gate is another universal logic gate used for performing logical operations. It works as the opposite of the AND gate, meaning it inverts the result of an AND operation. Like the NOR gate, the NAND gate can have two or more inputs but only one output.

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XOR GATE 

In digital electronics, the XOR gate is a specially designed logic gate used in circuits to perform a modulo sum operation. Also known as the Exclusive OR gate or Ex-OR gate, the XOR gate takes two inputs at a time and provides one output. The output is high (logic 1) only when the two inputs are different from each other.

XNOR GATE 

The XNOR gate is a special type of logic gate used in digital circuits to perform an exclusive NOR operation. Also known as the Ex-NOR or Exclusive NOR gate, it combines two logic gates: the XOR gate and the NOT gate. This combination allows it to produce an output that is the opposite of the XOR gate's output. Therefore, it can be expressed as: